01
AI Governance & Accountability
- Governance & oversight3
- Roles & accountability4
- Policy & standards4
- Risk-management integration3
- Audit & assurance5
5 categories19 risk factors
02
Strategy & Value Realization
- Competitive position3
- AI strategy & roadmap3
- Use-case selection & sourcing3
- Value measurement / ROI3
4 categories12 risk factors
03
Data & Privacy
- Sourcing & provenance3
- Quality & labeling3
- Privacy & consent6
- Training-data rights & IP3
- Retention & disposal4
5 categories19 risk factors
04
Model Development & Performance
- Design & training3
- Accuracy & validation4
- Robustness & drift3
- Explainability3
- Reproducibility & documentation3
5 categories16 risk factors
05
Security & Adversarial Threats
- Data & pipeline attacks3
- Model attacks3
- Inference-time (input) attacks5
- Output & integration security3
- Supply-chain & artifact integrity4
- AI access & identity5
6 categories23 risk factors
06
Safety, Ethics & Responsible AI
- Bias & fairness4
- Harmful / inaccurate output3
- Transparency, disclosure & provenance4
- Misuse & dual-use3
- Human agency & over-reliance4
5 categories18 risk factors
07
Operations & Resilience
- MLOps & deployment5
- Monitoring & observability4
- Availability & scalability3
- Incident management4
- Change & lifecycle management6
5 categories22 risk factors
08
Legal, Regulatory & Compliance
- Regulatory compliance5
- IP & liability3
- Contractual & licensing3
- Cross-border3
4 categories14 risk factors
09
Third-Party & Model Supply Chain
- Foundation-model dependence3
- Vendor due diligence4
- Lock-in & portability3
- Open-source component risk5
4 categories15 risk factors
10
Workforce, Human & Societal
- Skills & talent4
- Deskilling & loss of institutional knowledge3
- Workforce disruption / change3
- Societal & reputational4
4 categories14 risk factors
11
Financial & Resource
- Cost & compute economics3
- Investment / procurement3
- Scaling & resource constraints2
3 categories8 risk factors
12
Autonomy & Delegated Action (Agentic AI)
- Autonomy, alignment & oversight4
- Tool access & authorization3
- Memory & context integrity3
- Multi-agent orchestration3
- Action integrity & traceability3
5 categories16 risk factors